Orthopedics (or orthopedists, MD or DO) treat bones, joints and tendons — all part of the musculoskeletal system that supports your body, permits movement, protects vital organs and circulates blood. Musculoskeletal problems can affect people of all ages, from babies to seniors.잠실정형외과
When you meet with an orthopedic surgeon, they’ll ask about your symptoms and your medical history. They’ll also perform a physical exam and review imaging tests, like X-rays, to understand your condition better.척추관절병원
Bones
Bones are hard, strong tissue that give your body its shape, help you move, and protect vital organs. Your bones are constantly being constructed and reshaped throughout your life by special bone cells.
Inside each bone is a cavity called the bone marrow (say: mee-muh-ROW). This hollow area makes blood cells, including red blood cells that carry oxygen to all parts of your body and white blood cells that fight infection.
There are 206 bones in your body, and together they form your skeleton (say: SKO-lun) which provides support, posture and stability, allows movement, and protects internal organs. The skeletal system also acts as an attachment point for tendons, muscles and ligaments. The interactions between these tissues are studied in orthopedics.
Joints
Joints are where adjacent bones come together for movement and stability, and allow the body to bend, twist, stretch, and bear weight. They are classified both structurally and functionally: Structurally, they are grouped into four categories based on the degree of movement between the bones: Synarthrosis allows no movement; amphiarthrosis has some movement; diarthrosis permits movement along a single plane or axis, such as the elbow and hip joints; and multiaxial diarthrosis is freely moveable.
Orthopedic therapy promotes bone and joint health by reducing inflammation, strengthening muscles around injured areas, and guiding patients to a healthier weight (to avoid excessive stress on joints). It also encourages exercise that increases blood flow to the bones and soft tissues, speeding up healing time. Practicing good hygiene, such as avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, minimizes risk of orthopedic injury.
Muscles
Muscles are pieces of soft tissue throughout the body that do everything from moving your body to pumping blood and breathing. They also generate heat and protect organs. Muscles are attached to bones with a special kind of tissue called tendons. When a muscle is active, its fibers shorten, pulling the bones they’re connected to closer together.
Regularly exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and practicing good posture are all effective strategies for strengthening muscles and reducing orthopedic injuries. However, if you experience long-term muscle pain or weakness, it’s important to visit an orthopedist as soon as possible. This allows your doctor to catch issues early and prevent them from causing more serious health complications. This way, you can keep enjoying your favorite activities for longer.
Tendons
Tendons transmit muscle forces to bones and joints. They are load-, rate-, and time-sensitive and are susceptible to damage by excessive mechanical stress. They are also prone to damage from physical inactivity, which decreases blood flow to the tendon.
They are typically encased in synovial sheaths and must maintain intrasynovial gliding properties to prevent adhesion formation at the injury site. Tendons can vary in size and length. For example, the flexor hallucis longus tendon may bifurcate and produce 2 muscular bellies in about 0.4% of people.
Measuring CSA requires a non-destructive method that is sensitive to the size of tendon cross-sections, as well as their shape. Shadow amplitude and a computer-controlled laser micrometre are currently the best options. However, they suffer from inaccuracies due to a variety of factors such as size of sample, operator-dependent measurements, and the inability to identify tendon concavities.
Spine
Your spine is the main structural support for your body and plays a major role in stability, movement, and protecting the spinal cord and nerves. It is made of vertebrae (bony segments) and intervertebral discs, which are positioned between each pair of vertebrae. The stout, cylindrical vertebral bodies support the weight of your head and torso and facilitate movement. The intervertebral discs are a rubbery, gel-like tissue that connects the vertebrae and acts as shock absorbers.
If you have musculoskeletal pain or an injury, see your primary care doctor for advice or a referral to an orthopedist. Look for a board-certified physician who has completed an accredited fellowship in a sub-specialty relevant to your condition. You can find this information on their official online profiles.